Which scholar defined culture as a complex whole including knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, and customs?

• A. Civilization
• B. Edward Tylor (Culture)
• C. Anthropology
• D. Social Theory

Answer: (B)

Culture is the total of learned, shared patterns of knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, and customs that bind a group and guide how people live together. Edward Tylor, a 19th‑century English anthropologist, gave this widely cited definition, emphasizing that culture consists of ideas and practices acquired by individuals as members of society, not something they are born with. This view explains why cultures vary yet show common structures: across different communities, people learn and transmit knowledge, beliefs, artistic forms, moral codes, legal norms, and everyday customs through social interaction and institutions. The other terms refer to a field, a concept, or a broader idea rather than the person who formulated this particular definition of culture.